{"id":795,"date":"2012-05-03T04:29:50","date_gmt":"2012-05-03T08:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/facilitativeleadership.wordpress.com\/?p=795"},"modified":"2026-05-01T15:33:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T19:33:18","slug":"rhetorical-precision-clear-communications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mgrush.com\/blog\/rhetorical-precision-clear-communications\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhetorical Precision and Clear Communications &#8212; Stress Substance Over Style"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Rhetorical precision suggests that words reflect meaning, much like illustrations, symbols, and numbers. Challenging the fixed meaning of words, our languages reflect dynamic qualities and change constantly. For example, today there are more than one million words in the English language. Additionally, each word represents multiple meanings. Therefore, clear communications can be seen as an oxymoron.<\/h2>\n<h3>Rhetorical Precision &#8212; What is an Occurrence?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Was the situation on 9\/11 involving New York&#8217;s World Trade Center destruction one &#8220;occurrence&#8221; or two &#8220;occurrences&#8221;? Reportedly, the World Trade Center was insured $3.5 billion per &#8220;occurrence&#8221;. A solid example of rhetorical precision, what is an &#8220;occurrence&#8221;? \u00a0Be reminded that $3.5 billion was at risk since the property was insured per occurrence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">By 2005, insurance settlements totaled $4.6 billion, a far cry from what the owners originally wanted ($7 billion). However, clearly much more than what many pundits thought they would recover ($3.55 billion).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_165\" style=\"width: 212px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mgrush.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/screen-shot-2011-04-25-at-4-46-14-pm.png\"><img wpfc-lazyload-disable=\"true\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-165\" class=\"wp-image-165 size-full\" title=\"Screen shot 2011-04-25 at 4.46.14 PM\" src=\"https:\/\/mgrush.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/screen-shot-2011-04-25-at-4-46-14-pm.png\" alt=\"Prior to September 11, 2001\" width=\"202\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-165\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Rhetorical Precision and Clear Communications &#8212; What is an &#8220;occurrence&#8221;?<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&#8220;&#8216;Occurrence&#8217; shall mean all losses or damages that are attributable directly or indirectly to one cause or to one series of similar causes. All such losses will be added together and the total amount of such losses will be treated as one occurrence irrespective of the period of time or area over which such losses occur.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Many of use would argue that for most people insurance policies do not represent clear communications. Another compelling discussion on this topic and rhetorical precision may be found in &#8220;The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature&#8221; by Steven Pinker<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Clear Communications Rely on Language Both as an Instrument and an Environment:<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Therefore, do not forget in your project, meetings, and workshops to provide a cultural glossary. Similarly, enforce rhetorical precision and ensure consensual definitions and clear communication among your meeting participants. Yet always keep in mind the dynamic nature of language:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Some words do not survive<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Others mutate into existence (e.g., Google, when used as a verb)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Unlike French or Italian, English is not a fixed or static language. The meanings of English words \u201care not established, approved, and firmly set by some official committee charged with preserving its dignity and integrity.\u201d The \u201ccapacity for foxy and relentlessly slippery flexibility\u201d best characterizes the English language.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Clear communications ???<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u201cEnron&#8217;s <em>document-management policy<\/em> simply meant <strong>shredding<\/strong>. France&#8217;s proposed <em>solidarity contribution<\/em> on airline tickets is a <strong>tax<\/strong>. The IMF&#8217;s <em>relational capitalism<\/em> is <strong>corruption<\/strong>. The British solicitor-general&#8217;s <em>evidentiary deficiency<\/em> was <strong>no evidence<\/strong>, and George Bush&#8217;s <em>reputational problem<\/em> just means he was <strong>mistrusted<\/strong>.\u201d<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2014 Economist,\u00a0\u00a0(Blog, July 7, 2010)<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Hence, the English language in particular represents a mashing of words from most major languages, for example:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 620px; width: 696px;\" width=\"372\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>National Origin<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Term<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Original Meaning<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Greek<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Criterion<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Means of judgment<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Latin<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Fact<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">An act or feat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Italian<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Ditto<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Already said<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Malaysian<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Amok<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Rushing in a frenzy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Persian<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Caravan<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Traveling company<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Turkish<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Kiosk<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pavilion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Dutch<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Cruise<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">To cross<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Hindi<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Guru<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Weighty grave<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Cantonese<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Ketchup<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Tomato juice<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Arabic<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Sofa<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Seat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Japanese<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Shogun<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">General<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Gaelic<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Trousers<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pattern of drawers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>North America<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Herstory<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Female perspective<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 274.301453px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Mayan<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 220.790436px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Hurricane<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 191.507355px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Mayan god, Huracan<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>A Rich Heritage Challenges Clear Communications<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The English language is particularly rich because it has been provided with a heritage of diversity\u2014a basis in many languages. Most noteworthy, three languages in particular contribute numerous synonyms, or words that mean something similar. Unfortunately, a synonym does not imply pure equivocation. Hence, group consensus\u00a0may be challenged by the similar, yet different meanings of terms borrowed from Anglo-Saxon, French, and Latin\/ Greek origins as shown in the following chart.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 310px;\" width=\"536\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Anglo-Saxon<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>French<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Latin\/ Greek<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Ask<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Question<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Interrogate<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Dead<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Deceased<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Defunct<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>End<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Finish<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Conclude<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Fair<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Beautiful\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Attractive<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Fast<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Firm<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Secure<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Fear<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Terror<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Trepidation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Help<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Aid<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Assist<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 195.386017px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Time<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 175.551468px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>Age<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 155.680145px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Epoch<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Dictionaries Alone Do Not Ensure Clear Communications<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Dictionaries alone are insufficient because they provide a description of what something has meant and not a prescription of what it should mean. There are eight parts of speech in the English language (not true for all languages). The parts of speech explain the position of a word, but not how it is being used. Consequently, the only way to distinguish among the various meanings of words is by looking at the usage, or context. In language, the context is provided by grammar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Single terms, without comprehensive context, challenge people. Since the buildings were insured per \u201coccurrence\u201d, the word \u201coccurrence\u201d added nearly $5.0 billion of risk for the insurance companies of the World Trade Center Towers. Similarly, even the term \u201ccountry\u201d is a surprisingly difficult term to get everyone&#8217;s agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">US Homeland Security offers 251 choices for the \u201ccountry where you live\u201d, a number not agreed to by other countries. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta, for example, has only two buildings in Rome but has diplomatic relations with over 100 countries. The Vatican is only four hectares in the middle of Italy\u2019s capital and is but is only an observer at the United Nations. Israel joined the world body in 1949, but 19 of the 192 United Nations members did not accept the Jewish state\u2019s existence. In like manner, your organization may have similar cultural differences when defining common terms like \u201ccustomer.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Grammar Does Not Ensure Clear Communications<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Oddly enough, context alone does not ensure consensual meaning.\u00a0 Because, the English language includes contronyms, or words that mean the opposite of themselves, in context. For example, \u201cto bolt\u201d can mean to fix securely or to run away; or, \u201cto clip\u201d can mean to fasten or to detach, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Context and standards help dictate common usage and enable us to arrive at a framework where all the participants share a common meaning. Therefore, a prepared facilitator will determine many of the common usage definitions, before the meeting begins.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>______<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Don\u2019t ruin your career by hosting <a href=\"https:\/\/mgrush.com\/blog\/bad-meetings\/\">bad meetings<\/a>. Sign up for a <a href=\"https:\/\/mgrush.com\/public-facilitation-training\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">workshop<\/a> or send this to someone who should. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20260106090117\/https:\/\/mgrush.com\/\">MGR<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">USH<\/span><\/a><\/em> workshops focus on meeting design and practice. Each person practices tools, methods, and activities every day during the week. Therefore, while some call this immersion, we call it the road to building high-value facilitation skills.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Related articles<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"zemanta-article-ul\">\n<li class=\"zemanta-article-ul-li\"><a href=\"http:\/\/emspilot.wordpress.com\/2012\/04\/03\/limitations-and-dangers-of-the-use-of-the-english-language-in-aviation-communications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Limitations and Dangers of the use of the English Language in Aviation Communications<\/a> (emspilot.wordpress.com)<\/li>\n<li class=\"zemanta-article-ul-li\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mannerofspeaking.org\/2012\/02\/26\/rhetorical-devices-anadiplosis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rhetorical Devices: Anadiplosis<\/a> (mannerofspeaking.org)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/inlpcenter.org\/importance-of-communication-skills\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Importance of Communication Skills\u00a0<\/a>(https:\/\/inlpcenter.org\/)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhetorical precision suggests that words reflect meaning, much like illustrations, symbols, and numbers. Challenging the fixed meaning of words, our languages reflect dynamic qualities and change constantly. For example, today there are more than one million words in the English language. Additionally, each word represents multiple meanings. Therefore, clear communications can be seen as an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[453185969],"tags":[453190726,453190724,453190727,453192135,453190636,453190728,453190725],"class_list":["post-795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communication-skills","tag-clear-communication","tag-clear-communications","tag-communicating-clearly","tag-executive-presence","tag-rhetorical-precision","tag-speaking-precisely","tag-substance-over-style"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rhetorical Precision Stresses Substance Over Style<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rhetorical precision stresses clear meaning and intent when using words. 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