A professional facilitator handles several types of assignments, from planning through design. However, most facilitators must also provide a method for securing the deliverable. Although a different role, the ‘methodologist’ responsibilities make up the most important part of preparing for many meetings.

How will you lead the group successfully from the Introduction through the Wrap? When weighing agile vs waterfall benefits, consider how the Stacey Matrix arrays projects from the simple through the chaotic.

An Adapted Stacey Matrix: Agile vs Waterfall

Stacey’s original two dimensions included Agreement (among stakeholders) and Certainty (about cause and effect relationships within the project). Agilists made Stacey’s matrix popular by substituting Requirements for Agreement and Technology for Certainty. Arguably, Requirements capture WHAT solution must be built and Technology unveils HOW to provide the solution. The dimensions range from the clear or know, to the vague or unknown.

The quantity of people involved gives a softer, yet third dimension that also directly increases the complexity. Therefore, the balance of this article discusses the five primary zones or areas delineated on the matrix.  They include:

1. The Simple
2. Politically Complicated
3. Technically Complicated
4. Zone of Complexity
5. The Chaotic

Five Zones Overview: Agile vs Waterfall

The Waterfall mindset demands substantial, up-front planning. Agile launches quicker, with a much narrower scope during each increment (or Sprint when using Scrum). When the cause and effects are clear and mastered, Waterfall optimizes resources and return on investment. As the customer’s scenario constantly changes, Agile permits adaptation and quick adjustment.

Waterfall works especially well with large construction projects and broad-scoped hardware installations. Agile may be better suited for software products, where the market demands constant and frequent change. When tasks are clearly defined, waterfall optimizes the sequencing and resource allocation. Results ought to be consistent, predictable, and repeatable. As tasks require frequent collaboration and adjustments, Agile lends a sense of quick-response and flexibility not associated with Waterfall.

The following table compares attributes of the five zones. Most models assign the same method to the Complicated Zone. We split the zone into two because the challenges of each need a different method. When the lack of clarity derives from stakeholders, plan carefully before proceeding (Waterfall). When uncertainty derives from the technology or software, consider the Agile approach, and prepare to change along the way. A brief discussion follows about each.

Zones   \   Attributes	Simple	Politically Complicated	Technically Complicated	Complex	Chaotic
Positioning	Telling: rational decision-making and control, orderly, traditional project management and organizational development	Selling: political decision-making and control; compromise, negotiation, persuasion, coalition building, relationship building	Consulting: judgmental decision-making, ideological control, intuition, learning organizations, systems thinking	Co-creation: collaborative ideation, visioning, iterative improvement, knowledge management, creativity, innovation	Disintegration or massive avoidance
Focus or Control	Monitoring, Standards, Guidance. Evidence-based	Negotiation	Strategic or Adaptive Planning	Learning, Creativity, Trial and Error, Empirical	Disorder and chaos until novel patterns may emerge.
Planning Type	Operational or Predictive Planning	Strategic or Adaptive Planning	Strategic or Scenario Planning	Adaptive or Scenario Planning	Rapid action and improvising skills
Cause & Effect	Relationships between cause and effect are evident.  Apply best practice and use defined process controls.	Cause and effect can be understood by analyzing or investigating the system and its mechanisms.  Apply good practices.	Cause and effect can be understood by analyzing or investigating the system and its mechanisms.  Apply good practices.	The relationship between cause and effect can only be perceived in retrospect, but not in advance.  Inspect and Adapt.	No clear relationships between cause and effect even if inspected.  The approach is to Act, Sense, Respond and we can discover novel practices.
Example	Drilling for oil in the Permian Basin.	Improving air quality or building an oil pipeline through North America.	Sending a payload to Mars or beyond the edge of our known solar system.	Raising a child. Every child is unique resulting in unpredictable outcomes.	“Running of the Bulls” (event held in Spain), or the turbulence in the tip vortex from an airplane wing
Comments	Right answer exists, best practices and detailed recipes, fact-based, traditional management	Frequent disagreement about the value and purpose of the project	More than one right answer possible, fact-based, coordination of expertise, reliance on techno-rationale	Empirical methods focused on identification, selection, and development of increments	High turbulence, no patterns, tension, need to create stability, experience may hinder progress

1. The Simple Zone: Agile vs Waterfall

When the final result or “DONE” of a project resonates with everyone, especially large projects, Waterfall stays an obvious choice. Relying on fact-based and evidence-based decisions, projects will advance in an orderly fashion, generating few surprises. You have all worked with recipes in the kitchen before. Not only are the activities clear and sequenced, but the results are repeatable as well. Best practices serve as the benchmark for both guiding tasks and comparing results.

2. Politically Complicated Zone: Agile vs Waterfall

As requirements become less clear, or even conflicting, waterfall may remain the best choice. How many project dollars have you seen wasted because people could not agree on the purpose or value of the project? Agile could carry out much while people are negotiating, but you risk working on the wrong stuff without the coalition building encourage by Waterfall. Always remember –  WHY before WHAT before HOW.

3. Technically Complicated Zone: Agile vs Waterfall

As the value of adaptive thinking increases, such as embracing new technology for the first time, the Agile mindset may be favored. When cause and effect must be analyzed or investigated, the Agile mindset becomes preferred. Knowing that more than one right answer exists, a clear and frequent feedback loop with stakeholders help optimize decisions. As Development Teams advance and grow, they become learning organizations, capable of increasing productivity and innovation.

4. Zone of Complexity: Agile vs Waterfall

The empirical process control method demands Agile as conditions become increasingly complex. As opposed to a fully defined process control (Waterfall), empirical methods demand transparency, frequent inspection, and adaptation. Agile frameworks promote all three aspects. Scrum, in particular, requires inspections at the conclusion of each Sprint. Teams receive immediate and prompt feedback to help modify later Sprints, without much delay. Do not forget to look at Agile, a mindset, as “Being” while Scrum, a framework, represents “Doing”. By definition, an empirical process depends on experimentation and continuous improvement to optimize the performance of project teams.

5. The Chaotic Zone: Agile vs Waterfall

Most recommend Kanban as an Agile approach to deal with chaos. With Kanban, there are no Sprints. Teams, using WIP (Work in Progress), continually deliver and update their product backlog. As output increases, novel patterns may emerge to help projects migrate from the chaotic to the complex. In chaotic conditions, experience may be useless. Experimentation may be invaluable. Act, Sense, and Respond – serves as one way out of chaotic conditions.

The Facilitator: Agile vs Waterfall

What’s it all mean to facilitators? Since most of us are called upon for the best method to conduct meetings, planning, negotiations, decision-making, etc., the methodological impact trumps the facilitator’s learnings. You begin to see where helping to manage the Political Uncertainty becomes paramount for many projects to succeed.

You can also sense that ‘removing impediments’ becomes quite like ‘making it easy.’ In the Waterfall world when meetings evidence highly productive participants and output, our role shifts to that of scribe or documenter. With Agile, the role shifts to that of a referee, trying to clear a path so that Development Teams can do what they do best—build a new product. In both situations, when we have done our jobs well, it is time get out of the way and be of service.

______

Finally, MG RUSH professional facilitation curriculum focuses on providing methodology. Each student thoroughly practices methodology and tools before class concludes. Some call this immersion. We call it the road to building impactful facilitation skills.

Become Part of the Solution While You Improve Your Facilitation, Leadership, and Methodology Skills

Take a class or forward this to someone who should. MG RUSH Professional Facilitation Training provides an excellent way to earn up to 40 SEUs from the Scrum Alliance, 40 PDUs from PMI, 40 CDUs from IIBA, and 3.2 CEUs. As a member of the International Association of Facilitators (IAF), our Professional Facilitation Training aligns with IAF Certification Principles and fully prepares alumni for their Certified Professional Facilitator designation.

Furthermore, our Professional Facilitation curriculum immerses students in the responsibilities and dynamics of an effective facilitator and methodologist. Because nobody is smarter than everybody, attend an MG RUSH Professional Facilitation, Leadership, and Methodology workshop offered around the world, see MG RUSH for a current schedule.

Go to the Facilitation Training Store to access our in-house resources. You will discover numerous annotated agendas, break timers, and templates. Finally, take a few seconds to buy us a cup of coffee and please SHARE.

In conclusion, we dare you to embrace the will, wisdom, and activities that amplify a facilitative leader.